Definition Annulment - a legal action or lawsuit which may result in treating the marriage as if it never took place.
Application in Divorce In civil courts (as opposed to ecclesiastical courts), marriages be annulled in one of two ways. One, if a marriage was never legally consummated, for instance when one party was already married, the union is said to be void, or a "nullity," i.e., it never existed. Or, two, a marriage may be found a voidable marriage when it is valid until or unless it is annulled. In the first case, the marriage never happened; in the second, the marriage happened but is in some way flawed so that it may be voided. The first is said to be void ab initio ("from inception"); the second is said to be voidable nunc pro tunc ("from now for then").

Grounds for annulment include bigamy. Grounds for annulling a voidable marriage include serious fraud or a party’s legal incompetence at the time of the marriage.

In general, courts do not grant annulments based on one spouse’s misrepresentation of his or her marital history. These misrepresentations generally involve the number of times a party had previously been married and the circumstances under which previous marriages ended. In many jurisdictions, these misrepresentations must rise to the level that they interfere with what are termed the "essentials of marriage."

When courts do annul marriages on the basis of fraud, they do it if the misrepresentations "directly contradict the defrauded party’s religious belief"; for example, in the case of a subsequent marriage involving an observant Catholic when the new spouse claims that he or she is a widow or a widower when in fact he or she is divorced.

New York is one state that allows for annulments based on a concealment of a spouse’s prior marital status.

The children of annulled marriages are legitimate.

Most annulments are granted by religious tribunes.

See also Ab Initio; Nunc Pro Tunc

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Questions & Answers
Helpful Tips & Facts
  1. So You Want an Annulment...
    Many spouses are under the impression that he or she are eligible for a legal annulment because they were only married for a short period of time or because they do not have any children with their spouse. These are typically not valid reasons for a court to grant an annulment. Duress, bigamy, and fraud are the most common grounds for an annulment.
  2. Number of Annulments Are Increasing...
    Due to the increase in identity theft and marriage requirements for immigrants to maintain or achieve permanent residency, more and more marriages are being labeled by the courts as fraudulent.
Additional Resources
Annulment Law
Many people who are considering bringing an end to their marriage come to their lawyers with the idea of getting an annulment instead of a divorce. This article discusses annulment only in its legal sense, and not in any religious sense. The nature and availability of religious annulment varies with each religious authority.
Marriage Annulment - Answers From The Expert
A marriage annulment is a legal procedure that dissolves a couple’s marital status by establishing that a valid marriage never existed. In effect, it nullifies the marriage, returning the parties to their prior single status. 
Annulment - Grounds for Annulment - Catholic Annulment Guide to Divorce and Remarriage
The Church views marriage as a covenant for life that cannot be severed. However, some marriages are entered into without the necessary maturity or full knowledge and ability to keep such a permanent commitment, or without full free will because of external pressures.
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